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P4 Maths Cheat Sheet

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The short version

Every formula and rule a P4 child needs: 48 of them across 12 topics, on 7 A4 pages to print free. The PSLE tests the whole primary syllabus, so these formulas are in it too.

Every P4 maths formula, by topic

Numbers to 100 000

Term 1Numbers to 100 000 guide

Rule	Example
Place value to 100 000Each place is worth 10 times the place to its right.	the 4 in 47 803 → $4 \times 10\,000 =$ $40\,000$ See it drawn
Numerals and wordsA zero keeps an empty place, in numerals and in words.	See it drawn
Compare and orderCompare place by place from the left. The first place that differs decides: 72 419 is greater than 72 194.	See it drawn
Number patternsFind the step first, then use it.	next → $41\,750 + 250 =$ $42\,000$ See it drawn

Factors and Multiples

Term 1Factors and Multiples guide

Rule	Example
Factors come in pairsList them in pairs, starting from 1 × the number, so none is missed.	$1 \times 20 =$ $20$ $2 \times 10 =$ $20$ $4 \times 5 =$ $20$ See it drawn
Is it a factor?Divide. Nothing left over means it is a factor, and the number is a multiple of it.	$91 \div 7 =$ $13$ $94 \div 7 =$ $13\text{ R }3$ See it drawn
Common factorsList the factors of both numbers. The ones in both lists are common factors.	See it drawn
Common multiplesList the multiples of each number. The ones in both lists are common multiples.	See it drawn

Four Operations of Whole Numbers

Term 1Four Operations of Whole Numbers guide

Rule	Example
RoundingLook at the digit to the right of the place. 5 or more, round up.	nearest 10 → $36\,482 \approx$ $36\,480$ nearest 100 → $36\,482 \approx$ $36\,500$ nearest 1000 → $36\,482 \approx$ $36\,000$ See it drawn
Multiply in columnsMultiply by the ones, then by the tens, then add the two rows.	$326 \times 24 =$ $1304 + 6520 =$ $7824$ See it drawn
Long divisionFrom the left: divide, multiply, subtract, bring down.	$2739 \div 6 =$ $456\text{ R }3$ See it drawn

Fractions

Term 2Fractions guide

Rule	Example
Mixed number to improper fractionEach whole is 5 fifths. Count all the fifths.	fifths → $2 \times 5 + 3 =$ $13$ $2\frac{3}{5} =$ $\frac{13}{5}$ See it drawn
Improper fraction to mixed numberDivide the numerator by the denominator. What is left over is the fraction.	$7 \div 3 =$ $2\text{ R }1$ $\frac{7}{3} =$ $2\frac{1}{3}$ See it drawn
Fraction of a setCut the set into equal units, one for each part. Find 1 unit first.	1 unit → $15 \div 5 =$ $3$ 3 fifths of 15 → $3 \times 3 =$ $9$ See it drawn
Add or subtract fractionsMake the denominators the same, then add or take away the numerators.	$\frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{4} =$ $\frac{8}{12} + \frac{3}{12} =$ $\frac{11}{12}$ $\frac{7}{10} - \frac{2}{5} =$ $\frac{7}{10} - \frac{4}{10} =$ $\frac{3}{10}$ See it drawn

Decimals

Term 3Decimals guide

Rule	Example
Tenths, hundredths, thousandthsEach place is worth a tenth of the place to its left.	the 6 in 2.465 → $\frac{6}{100} =$ $0.06$ See it drawn
Compare and order decimalsLine up the decimal points. Compare the tenths first, then the hundredths: 0.7 is greater than 0.68.	See it drawn
Decimal to fractionWrite it over 10, 100 or 1000, then simplify.	$0.35 =$ $\frac{35}{100} =$ $\frac{7}{20}$ See it drawn
Fraction to decimalMake the denominator 10 or 100.	$\frac{3}{5} =$ $\frac{6}{10} =$ $0.6$ $\frac{7}{25} =$ $\frac{28}{100} =$ $0.28$ See it drawn
Rounding decimalsLook at the next digit to the right. 5 or more, round up.	nearest whole number → $5.374 \approx$ $5$ 1 decimal place → $5.374 \approx$ $5.4$ 2 decimal places → $5.374 \approx$ $5.37$ See it drawn
Add or subtract decimalsLine up the decimal points. Fill an empty place with 0.	$5.6 - 1.25 =$ $5.60 - 1.25 =$ $4.35$ See it drawn
× or ÷ by a 1-digit numberWork as with whole numbers. Keep the decimal point in line.	$3.26 \times 4 =$ $13.04$ $8.4 \div 6 =$ $1.4$ See it drawn
A whole number ÷ a whole numberWrite zeros after the point to keep dividing. Round the answer when the question asks.	$7 \div 4 =$ $1.75$ 2 decimal places → $5 \div 3 \approx$ $1.67$ See it drawn

Angles

Term 2Angles guide

Rule	Example
Naming an angleBy three letters, the corner in the middle: ∠PQR. Or by one: ∠y.	See it drawn
Measuring with a protractorCentre on the corner, one arm on 0°. Count up from that 0 to the other arm.	See it drawn
Drawing an angleDraw one arm. Centre the protractor on its end, 0° on the arm. Mark the size, then join.	See it drawn

Rectangles and Squares

Term 2Rectangles and Squares guide

Rule	Example
RectangleFour right angles. Opposite sides are equal and parallel.	See it drawn
SquareFour right angles. All four sides are equal, and opposite sides are parallel.	See it drawn
An unknown angleEvery corner is 90°.	∠y → $90 - 35 =$ $55\degree$ See it drawn
Drawing on a gridCount the squares: opposite sides the same length, every corner a right angle.	See it drawn

Area and Perimeter

Term 4Area and Perimeter guide

Rule	Example
The breadth from the area $\text{area} \div \text{length}$	breadth → $84 \div 12 =$ $7\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
The length from the perimeter $\text{perimeter} \div 2 - \text{breadth}$	length → $46 \div 2 - 9 =$ $14\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
The side from the perimeter $\text{perimeter} \div 4$	side → $36 \div 4 =$ $9\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
The side from the area $\text{side} \times \text{side} = \text{area}$	$7 \times 7 =$ $49$ side → $7\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
Composite figuresArea: split into rectangles, then add. Perimeter: the outside edge only.	area → $10 \times 4 + 5 \times 3 =$ $55\,\text{cm}^{2}$ perimeter → $10 + 4 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 7 =$ $34\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn

Nets

Term 4Nets guide

Rule	Example
Cube6 equal square faces. A dotted line is a hidden edge.	See it drawn
Cuboid6 rectangle faces, in 3 matching pairs.	See it drawn
Prism2 matching ends, and a rectangle for each side.	See it drawn
PyramidA base, and a triangle for each side, meeting at the top.	See it drawn
Cylinder and coneA cylinder has 2 circle faces and a curved surface. A cone has 1 circle face and a curved surface. Their nets are not in the P4 syllabus.	See it drawn

Symmetry

Term 4Symmetry guide

Rule	Example
Line of symmetryFold along it: the two halves match exactly.	See it drawn
Test a lineFold it in your head: do the two halves match? A rectangle has 2 lines of symmetry.	See it drawn
Complete on a gridEach shaded square has a partner the same distance from the line, on the other side.	See it drawn

Tables and Line Graphs

Term 1Tables and Line Graphs guide

Rule	Example
Complete a tableA total is the sum of its row or its column.	the missing number → $45 - 28 =$ $17$ See it drawn
Read a line graphRead each point against the scale. Where the line goes up most is the biggest change.	Wed to Thu → $70 - 40 =$ $30$ See it drawn

Pie Charts

Term 3Pie Charts guide

Rule	Example
A sector is a fraction of the wholeA right-angle mark is a quarter of the circle. A straight line across the centre cuts it in half.	See it drawn
A part from the totalThe fraction × the total.	a quarter of 120 → $\frac{1}{4} \times 120 =$ $30$ See it drawn
The total from a partA quarter is 18 pupils, so the whole circle is 4 quarters.	total → $4 \times 18 =$ $72$ See it drawn

P4 maths revision notes, topic by topic

Numbers to 100 000

Term 1

Ten thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
4 7 8 0 3
Place value to 100 000Each place is worth 10 times the place to its right.the 4 in 47 803 → $4 \times 10\,000 =$ $40\,000$
Numeral In words
60 308 sixty thousand, three hundred and eight
Numerals and wordsA zero keeps an empty place, in numerals and in words.
Ten thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
7 2 4 1 9
7 2 1 9 4
Compare and orderCompare place by place from the left. The first place that differs decides: 72 419 is greater than 72 194.
Point Value
41 250 41250
41 500 41500
41 750 41750
Number patternsFind the step first, then use it.next → $41\,750 + 250 =$ $42\,000$

Ten thousands	Thousands	Hundreds	Tens	Ones
4	7	8	0	3

Numeral	In words
60 308	sixty thousand, three hundred and eight

Ten thousands	Thousands	Hundreds	Tens	Ones
7	2	4	1	9
7	2	1	9	4

Point	Value
41 250	41250
41 500	41500
41 750	41750

Factors and Multiples

Term 1

Factors come in pairsList them in pairs, starting from 1 × the number, so none is missed. $1 \times 20 =$ $20$ $2 \times 10 =$ $20$ $4 \times 5 =$ $20$
Left over Is 7 a factor?
91 ÷ 7 0 yes
94 ÷ 7 3 no
Is it a factor?Divide. Nothing left over means it is a factor, and the number is a multiple of it. $91 \div 7 =$ $13$ $94 \div 7 =$ $13\text{ R }3$
Factors
20 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20
30 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30
Both 1, 2, 5, 10
Common factorsList the factors of both numbers. The ones in both lists are common factors.
Multiples
4 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24
6 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
Both 12, 24
Common multiplesList the multiples of each number. The ones in both lists are common multiples.

	Left over	Is 7 a factor?
91 ÷ 7	0	yes
94 ÷ 7	3	no

	Factors
20	1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20
30	1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30
Both	1, 2, 5, 10

	Multiples
4	4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24
6	6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36
Both	12, 24

Four Operations of Whole Numbers

Term 1

Point Value
36 482 36482
RoundingLook at the digit to the right of the place. 5 or more, round up.nearest 10 → $36\,482 \approx$ $36\,480$ nearest 100 → $36\,482 \approx$ $36\,500$ nearest 1000 → $36\,482 \approx$ $36\,000$
Multiply in columnsMultiply by the ones, then by the tens, then add the two rows. $326 \times 24 =$ $1304 + 6520 =$ $7824$
Long divisionFrom the left: divide, multiply, subtract, bring down. $2739 \div 6 =$ $456\text{ R }3$

Point	Value
36 482	36482

Fractions

Term 2

Mixed number to improper fractionEach whole is 5 fifths. Count all the fifths.fifths → $2 \times 5 + 3 =$ $13$ $2\frac{3}{5} =$ $\frac{13}{5}$
Improper fraction to mixed numberDivide the numerator by the denominator. What is left over is the fraction. $7 \div 3 =$ $2\text{ R }1$ $\frac{7}{3} =$ $2\frac{1}{3}$
Fraction of a setCut the set into equal units, one for each part. Find 1 unit first.1 unit → $15 \div 5 =$ $3$ 3 fifths of 15 → $3 \times 3 =$ $9$
Add or subtract fractionsMake the denominators the same, then add or take away the numerators. $\frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{4} =$ $\frac{8}{12} + \frac{3}{12} =$ $\frac{11}{12}$ $\frac{7}{10} - \frac{2}{5} =$ $\frac{7}{10} - \frac{4}{10} =$ $\frac{3}{10}$

Decimals

Term 3

Ones . Tenths Hundredths Thousandths
2 . 4 6 5
Tenths, hundredths, thousandthsEach place is worth a tenth of the place to its left.the 6 in 2.465 → $\frac{6}{100} =$ $0.06$
Tenths Hundredths
0.70 7 0
0.68 6 8
Compare and order decimalsLine up the decimal points. Compare the tenths first, then the hundredths: 0.7 is greater than 0.68.
Decimal to fractionWrite it over 10, 100 or 1000, then simplify. $0.35 =$ $\frac{35}{100} =$ $\frac{7}{20}$
Fraction to decimalMake the denominator 10 or 100. $\frac{3}{5} =$ $\frac{6}{10} =$ $0.6$ $\frac{7}{25} =$ $\frac{28}{100} =$ $0.28$
Point Value
5.374 5.374
Rounding decimalsLook at the next digit to the right. 5 or more, round up.nearest whole number → $5.374 \approx$ $5$ 1 decimal place → $5.374 \approx$ $5.4$ 2 decimal places → $5.374 \approx$ $5.37$
Add or subtract decimalsLine up the decimal points. Fill an empty place with 0. $5.6 - 1.25 =$ $5.60 - 1.25 =$ $4.35$
× or ÷ by a 1-digit numberWork as with whole numbers. Keep the decimal point in line. $3.26 \times 4 =$ $13.04$ $8.4 \div 6 =$ $1.4$
A whole number ÷ a whole numberWrite zeros after the point to keep dividing. Round the answer when the question asks. $7 \div 4 =$ $1.75$ 2 decimal places → $5 \div 3 \approx$ $1.67$

Ones	.	Tenths	Hundredths	Thousandths
2	.	4	6	5

	Tenths	Hundredths
0.70	7	0
0.68	6	8

Point	Value
5.374	5.374

Angles

Term 2

Naming an angleBy three letters, the corner in the middle: ∠PQR. Or by one: ∠y.
Figure Reading
angle under a protractor measure with the scale
Measuring with a protractorCentre on the corner, one arm on 0°. Count up from that 0 to the other arm.
Drawing an angleDraw one arm. Centre the protractor on its end, 0° on the arm. Mark the size, then join.

Figure	Reading
angle under a protractor	measure with the scale

Rectangles and Squares

Term 2

RectangleFour right angles. Opposite sides are equal and parallel.
SquareFour right angles. All four sides are equal, and opposite sides are parallel.
An unknown angleEvery corner is 90°.∠y → $90 - 35 =$ $55\degree$
Drawing on a gridCount the squares: opposite sides the same length, every corner a right angle.

Area and Perimeter

Term 4

The breadth from the area $\text{area} \div \text{length}$ Examplebreadth → $84 \div 12 =$ $7\,\text{cm}$
The length from the perimeter $\text{perimeter} \div 2 - \text{breadth}$ Examplelength → $46 \div 2 - 9 =$ $14\,\text{cm}$
The side from the perimeter $\text{perimeter} \div 4$ Exampleside → $36 \div 4 =$ $9\,\text{cm}$
The side from the area $\text{side} \times \text{side} = \text{area}$ Example $7 \times 7 =$ $49$ side → $7\,\text{cm}$
Composite figuresArea: split into rectangles, then add. Perimeter: the outside edge only.area → $10 \times 4 + 5 \times 3 =$ $55\,\text{cm}^{2}$ perimeter → $10 + 4 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 7 =$ $34\,\text{cm}$

Nets

Term 4

Cube6 equal square faces. A dotted line is a hidden edge.
Cuboid6 rectangle faces, in 3 matching pairs.
Prism2 matching ends, and a rectangle for each side.
PyramidA base, and a triangle for each side, meeting at the top.
Cylinder and coneA cylinder has 2 circle faces and a curved surface. A cone has 1 circle face and a curved surface. Their nets are not in the P4 syllabus.

Symmetry

Term 4

Line of symmetryFold along it: the two halves match exactly.
Test a lineFold it in your head: do the two halves match? A rectangle has 2 lines of symmetry.
Complete on a gridEach shaded square has a partner the same distance from the line, on the other side.

Tables and Line Graphs

Term 1

Red Blue Total
Box A 28 6 34
Box B ? 9 26
Total 45 15 60
Complete a tableA total is the sum of its row or its column.the missing number → $45 - 28 =$ $17$
Series 1
Mon 20
Tue 30
Wed 40
Thu 70
Fri 60
Read a line graphRead each point against the scale. Where the line goes up most is the biggest change.Wed to Thu → $70 - 40 =$ $30$

	Red	Blue	Total
Box A	28	6	34
Box B	?	9	26
Total	45	15	60

	Series 1
Mon	20
Tue	30
Wed	40
Thu	70
Fri	60

Pie Charts

Term 3

Category Share Value
half ? ?
quarter ? ?
quarter ? ?
A sector is a fraction of the wholeA right-angle mark is a quarter of the circle. A straight line across the centre cuts it in half.
Category Share Value
? ? ?
half ? ?
quarter ? ?
A part from the totalThe fraction × the total.a quarter of 120 → $\frac{1}{4} \times 120 =$ $30$
Category Share Value
A 25% 18
B ? ?
C ? ?
D ? ?
The total from a partA quarter is 18 pupils, so the whole circle is 4 quarters.total → $4 \times 18 =$ $72$

Category	Share	Value
half	?	?
quarter	?	?
quarter	?	?

Category	Share	Value
?	?	?
half	?	?
quarter	?	?

Category	Share	Value
A	25%	18
B	?	?
C	?	?
D	?	?

$P5 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 6: formulas for whole numbers and four operations; and fractions and division$

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The P5 sheet holds 48 more formulas and rules, across its 12 topics, on 6 A4 pages.

P5 Maths Cheat Sheet

P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 8: formulas for numbers to 10 000

The P3 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P3 sheet holds 45 more formulas and rules, across its 10 topics, on 8 A4 pages.

P3 Maths Cheat Sheet

$P6 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 4: formulas for fractions, ratio and percentage$

The P6 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P6 sheet holds 36 more formulas and rules, across its 8 topics, on 4 A4 pages.

P6 Maths Cheat Sheet

The sheet

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P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 7: formulas for numbers to 100 000; and factors and multiples
$P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 2 of 7: formulas for four operations of whole numbers and fractions$
P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 2 of 7: formulas for four operations of whole numbers and fractions
P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 3 of 7: formulas for decimals
P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 4 of 7: formulas for angles; and rectangles and squares
P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 5 of 7: formulas for area and perimeter; and nets
P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 6 of 7: formulas for symmetry; tables and line graphs; and pie charts
P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 7 of 7: problem-sum methods, exam rules and units

Download the free PDF7 A4 pages · PDF, 1347 KB

Knowing the formula is half of it

The other half is spotting which one a question needs. StudyLah gives your child P4 questions on these topics, and Lah walks through each one step by step. Free: one Daily Practice and one Topic Drill every day, and one exam paper a month.

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Questions

Questions parents ask

What maths formulas does a P4 child need to know?

The 48 formulas and rules on this sheet, across numbers to 100 000; factors and multiples; four operations of whole numbers; tables and line graphs; fractions; angles; rectangles and squares; decimals; pie charts; area and perimeter; nets; and symmetry. It also shows how to spot 5 problem-sum methods.

P5 Maths Cheat Sheet

What topics are in P4 maths?

12 topics, in the order schools teach them: numbers to 100 000; factors and multiples; four operations of whole numbers; tables and line graphs; fractions; angles; rectangles and squares; decimals; pie charts; area and perimeter; nets; and symmetry.

Primary 4 maths syllabus

Keep going

Sources: Ministry of Education, Singapore, Primary Mathematics Syllabus (Standard), updated October 2025. Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board, PSLE Mathematics (0008), for examination from 2026.

Updated 23 October 2026

Practise every topic on the P4 sheet

Free for every P4 child. Lah walks through each question.

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