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P3 Maths Cheat Sheet

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The short version

Every formula and rule a P3 child needs: 45 of them across 10 topics, on 8 A4 pages to print free. The PSLE tests the whole primary syllabus, so these formulas are in it too.

Every P3 maths formula, by topic

Numbers to 10 000

Term 1Numbers to 10 000 guide

Rule	Example
Place valueA digit's place gives its value. A 0 keeps an empty place.	the 4 in 4025 → $4 \times 1000 =$ $4000$ See it drawn
Numerals and wordsSay the thousands, then the hundreds, then the rest.	See it drawn
Compare and orderCompare from the left. The first digit that is different tells which number is greater: 4321 > 4299.	See it drawn
Count on and number patternsFind the step, then keep adding it.	next → $2900 + 100 =$ $3000$ See it drawn
Add in columnsAdd the ones first. 10 ones make 1 ten: regroup it into the tens.	$2468 + 1325 =$ $3793$ See it drawn
Subtract in columnsSubtract the ones first. Not enough ones? Regroup 1 ten into 10 ones.	$4352 - 1218 =$ $3134$ See it drawn
Add in your headSplit 38 into 30 and 8. Add the tens, then the ones.	$47 + 38 =$ $47 + 30 + 8 =$ $85$ See it drawn

Money

Term 1 · revisionMoney guide

Rule	Example
Dollars and cents100 cents make $1. In $4.05, the dot comes between the dollars and the cents.	See it drawn
Add moneyAdd the cents first. 100 cents make $1: add it to the dollars.	$60\,\text{cents} + 75\,\text{cents} =$ $\text{\textdollar}1\ 35\,\text{cents}$ $\text{\textdollar}3 + \text{\textdollar}2 + \text{\textdollar}1 =$ $\text{\textdollar}6$ $\text{\textdollar}3.60 + \text{\textdollar}2.75 =$ $\text{\textdollar}6.35$ See it drawn
Subtract moneyNot enough cents? Change $1 into 100 cents first.	$\text{\textdollar}10 =$ $\text{\textdollar}9 + 100\,\text{cents}$ $100\,\text{cents} - 45\,\text{cents} =$ $55\,\text{cents}$ $\text{\textdollar}10 - \text{\textdollar}3.45 =$ $\text{\textdollar}6.55$ See it drawn

Multiplication and Division

Term 2Multiplication and Division guide

Rule	Example
Times tables of 6, 7, 8 and 9Learn them by heart. 7 × 8 is the same as 8 × 7.	See it drawn
Multiply and divide are a pairOne times fact gives two division facts.	$7 \times 8 =$ $56$ $56 \div 8 =$ $7$ $56 \div 7 =$ $8$ See it drawn
Division with remainderThe number left over is the remainder. It is always smaller than the number you divide by.	$38 \div 5 =$ $7\text{ R }3$ check → $7 \times 5 + 3 =$ $38$ See it drawn
Multiply in columnsMultiply the ones, then the tens, then the hundreds. Regroup when you get 10 or more.	$216 \times 4 =$ $864$ See it drawn
Long divisionStart from the hundreds. Divide, multiply, subtract, then bring down the next digit.	$756 \div 3 =$ $252$ See it drawn

Fractions

Term 3Fractions guide

Rule	Example
Equivalent fractionsMultiply the numerator and the denominator by the same number. The fraction stays the same size.	$\frac{1}{2} =$ $\frac{1 \times 2}{2 \times 2} =$ $\frac{2}{4}$ $\frac{1}{2} =$ $\frac{1 \times 4}{2 \times 4} =$ $\frac{4}{8}$ See it drawn
Simplest formDivide the numerator and the denominator by the same number. Stop when no number divides both.	$\frac{6}{9} =$ $\frac{6 \div 3}{9 \div 3} =$ $\frac{2}{3}$ See it drawn
The missing numberWhat was the denominator multiplied by? Do the same to the numerator.	denominator → $4 \times 3 =$ $12$ $\frac{3}{4} =$ $\frac{3 \times 3}{4 \times 3} =$ $\frac{9}{12}$ See it drawn
Compare fractionsMake the denominators the same. The bigger numerator is the bigger fraction.	$\frac{2}{3} =$ $\frac{8}{12}$ $\frac{3}{4} =$ $\frac{9}{12}$ See it drawn
Add related fractionsMake the denominators the same, then add the numerators.	$\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} =$ $\frac{2}{4} + \frac{1}{4} =$ $\frac{3}{4}$ See it drawn
Subtract related fractionsMake the denominators the same, then subtract the numerators. Simplify if you can.	$\frac{5}{6} - \frac{1}{3} =$ $\frac{5}{6} - \frac{2}{6} =$ $\frac{3}{6}$ $\frac{3}{6} =$ $\frac{1}{2}$ See it drawn

Angles

Term 3Angles guide

Rule	Example
An angleTwo lines that meet make an angle. The bigger the turn, the bigger the angle. Longer lines do not make it bigger.	See it drawn
Right angleA right angle is a square corner, like the corner of a book.	See it drawn
Acute angleSmaller than a right angle.	See it drawn
Obtuse angleGreater than a right angle.	See it drawn

Perpendicular and Parallel Lines

Term 3Perpendicular and Parallel Lines guide

Rule	Example
Perpendicular linesTwo lines that meet at a right angle are perpendicular.	See it drawn
Parallel linesParallel lines stay the same distance apart. They never meet.	See it drawn
Lines in a rectangleAB is parallel to DC. AB is perpendicular to BC.	See it drawn
Drawing themHold a ruler still. Slide a set square along it for a parallel line. Use its square corner for a perpendicular line.	See it drawn

Length, Mass and Volume

Term 3Length, Mass and Volume guide

Rule	Example
Length1 m = 100 cm. Read the metres, then the centimetres.	$1\,\text{m} =$ $100\,\text{cm}$ $100\,\text{cm} + 35\,\text{cm} =$ $135\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
Mass1 kg = 1000 g. Read the kilograms, then count the small marks: each is 100 g.	$2\,\text{kg} =$ $2000\,\text{g}$ $2000\,\text{g} + 400\,\text{g} =$ $2400\,\text{g}$ See it drawn
Volume of liquid1 ℓ = 1000 mℓ. Read the scale where the water is level.	$1\,\ell =$ $1000\,\text{m}\ell$ $1000\,\text{m}\ell + 250\,\text{m}\ell =$ $1250\,\text{m}\ell$ See it drawn
Changing unitsTo one unit: change the bigger unit, then add. To two units: take out the thousands.	$5\,\text{m}\ 8\,\text{cm} =$ $500\,\text{cm} + 8\,\text{cm} =$ $508\,\text{cm}$ $2075\,\text{g} =$ $2000\,\text{g} + 75\,\text{g} =$ $2\,\text{kg}\ 75\,\text{g}$ See it drawn

Area and Perimeter

Term 4Area and Perimeter guide

Rule	Example
PerimeterPerimeter is the distance all the way around. Add all the sides.	$5 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 5 =$ $20\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
Perimeter of a rectangle $\text{2 lengths} + \text{2 breadths}$	$7 + 4 + 7 + 4 =$ $22\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
Perimeter of a square $4 \times \text{side}$	$4 \times 6 =$ $24\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
AreaArea is the space inside. Count the squares: each small square is 1 cm².	See it drawn
Area of a rectangle $\text{length} \times \text{breadth}$	$7 \times 4 =$ $28\,\text{cm}^{2}$ See it drawn
Area of a square $\text{side} \times \text{side}$	$6 \times 6 =$ $36\,\text{cm}^{2}$ See it drawn

Time

Term 4Time guide

Rule	Example
Seconds60 seconds make 1 minute.	$1\,\text{min}\ 15\,\text{s} =$ $60\,\text{s} + 15\,\text{s} =$ $75\,\text{s}$
24-hour clockAfter 12 noon, add 12 to the hour. Midnight is 00 00.	$3.15\text{ p.m.} =$ $15\ 15$ See it drawn
How long it takesCount on to the next hour, then the whole hours, then the minutes left.	9.45 a.m. to 11.15 a.m. → $15\,\text{min} + 1\,\text{h} + 15\,\text{min} =$ $1\,\text{h}\ 30\,\text{min}$ See it drawn
Start time and end timeEnd time = start time + how long. Start time = end time − how long.	$2.40\text{ p.m.} + 50\,\text{min} =$ $3.30\text{ p.m.}$ $3.30\text{ p.m.} - 50\,\text{min} =$ $2.40\text{ p.m.}$ See it drawn

Bar Graphs

Term 2Bar Graphs guide

Rule	Example
Read a bar graphRead where each bar ends on the scale. "How many more" means subtract.	how many more on Monday than Tuesday → $20 - 10 =$ $10$ See it drawn
Read the scale firstFind what one step on the scale is worth. Tuesday's bar ends halfway between 20 and 30.	half of a step of 10 → $10 \div 2 =$ $5$ Tuesday → $20 + 5 =$ $25$ See it drawn

P3 maths revision notes, topic by topic

Numbers to 10 000

Term 1

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
4 0 2 5
Place valueA digit's place gives its value. A 0 keeps an empty place.the 4 in 4025 → $4 \times 1000 =$ $4000$
Numeral In words
4305 four thousand, three hundred and five
Numerals and wordsSay the thousands, then the hundreds, then the rest.
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones
4 3 2 1
4 2 9 9
Compare and orderCompare from the left. The first digit that is different tells which number is greater: 4321 > 4299.
Point Value
2700 2700
2800 2800
2900 2900
? 3000
Count on and number patternsFind the step, then keep adding it.next → $2900 + 100 =$ $3000$
Add in columnsAdd the ones first. 10 ones make 1 ten: regroup it into the tens. $2468 + 1325 =$ $3793$
Subtract in columnsSubtract the ones first. Not enough ones? Regroup 1 ten into 10 ones. $4352 - 1218 =$ $3134$
start
47
+ 30
add the tens
77
+ 8
add the ones
85
Add in your headSplit 38 into 30 and 8. Add the tens, then the ones. $47 + 38 =$ $47 + 30 + 8 =$ $85$

Thousands	Hundreds	Tens	Ones
4	0	2	5

Numeral	In words
4305	four thousand, three hundred and five

Thousands	Hundreds	Tens	Ones
4	3	2	1
4	2	9	9

Point	Value
2700	2700
2800	2800
2900	2900
?	3000

Money

Term 1 · revision

Dollars Cents
4 05
Dollars and cents100 cents make $1. In $4.05, the dot comes between the dollars and the cents.
Dollars Cents
3 60
+ 2 75
6 35
Add moneyAdd the cents first. 100 cents make $1: add it to the dollars. $60\,\text{cents} + 75\,\text{cents} =$ $\text{\textdollar}1\ 35\,\text{cents}$ $\text{\textdollar}3 + \text{\textdollar}2 + \text{\textdollar}1 =$ $\text{\textdollar}6$ $\text{\textdollar}3.60 + \text{\textdollar}2.75 =$ $\text{\textdollar}6.35$
Dollars Cents
10 00
− 3 45
6 55
Subtract moneyNot enough cents? Change $1 into 100 cents first. $\text{\textdollar}10 =$ $\text{\textdollar}9 + 100\,\text{cents}$ $100\,\text{cents} - 45\,\text{cents} =$ $55\,\text{cents}$ $\text{\textdollar}10 - \text{\textdollar}3.45 =$ $\text{\textdollar}6.55$

Dollars	Cents
4	05

	Dollars	Cents
	3	60
+	2	75
	6	35

	Dollars	Cents
	10	00
−	3	45
	6	55

Multiplication and Division

Term 2

× 6 × 7 × 8 × 9
1 6 7 8 9
2 12 14 16 18
3 18 21 24 27
4 24 28 32 36
5 30 35 40 45
6 36 42 48 54
7 42 49 56 63
8 48 56 64 72
9 54 63 72 81
10 60 70 80 90
Times tables of 6, 7, 8 and 9Learn them by heart. 7 × 8 is the same as 8 × 7.
Multiply and divide are a pairOne times fact gives two division facts. $7 \times 8 =$ $56$ $56 \div 8 =$ $7$ $56 \div 7 =$ $8$
Division with remainderThe number left over is the remainder. It is always smaller than the number you divide by. $38 \div 5 =$ $7\text{ R }3$ check → $7 \times 5 + 3 =$ $38$
Multiply in columnsMultiply the ones, then the tens, then the hundreds. Regroup when you get 10 or more. $216 \times 4 =$ $864$
Long divisionStart from the hundreds. Divide, multiply, subtract, then bring down the next digit. $756 \div 3 =$ $252$

	× 6	× 7	× 8	× 9
1	6	7	8	9
2	12	14	16	18
3	18	21	24	27
4	24	28	32	36
5	30	35	40	45
6	36	42	48	54
7	42	49	56	63
8	48	56	64	72
9	54	63	72	81
10	60	70	80	90

Fractions

Term 3

Equivalent fractionsMultiply the numerator and the denominator by the same number. The fraction stays the same size. $\frac{1}{2} =$ $\frac{1 \times 2}{2 \times 2} =$ $\frac{2}{4}$ $\frac{1}{2} =$ $\frac{1 \times 4}{2 \times 4} =$ $\frac{4}{8}$
Simplest formDivide the numerator and the denominator by the same number. Stop when no number divides both. $\frac{6}{9} =$ $\frac{6 \div 3}{9 \div 3} =$ $\frac{2}{3}$
The missing numberWhat was the denominator multiplied by? Do the same to the numerator.denominator → $4 \times 3 =$ $12$ $\frac{3}{4} =$ $\frac{3 \times 3}{4 \times 3} =$ $\frac{9}{12}$
Compare fractionsMake the denominators the same. The bigger numerator is the bigger fraction. $\frac{2}{3} =$ $\frac{8}{12}$ $\frac{3}{4} =$ $\frac{9}{12}$
Add related fractionsMake the denominators the same, then add the numerators. $\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} =$ $\frac{2}{4} + \frac{1}{4} =$ $\frac{3}{4}$
Subtract related fractionsMake the denominators the same, then subtract the numerators. Simplify if you can. $\frac{5}{6} - \frac{1}{3} =$ $\frac{5}{6} - \frac{2}{6} =$ $\frac{3}{6}$ $\frac{3}{6} =$ $\frac{1}{2}$

Angles

Term 3

An angleTwo lines that meet make an angle. The bigger the turn, the bigger the angle. Longer lines do not make it bigger.
Right angleA right angle is a square corner, like the corner of a book.
Acute angleSmaller than a right angle.
Obtuse angleGreater than a right angle.

Perpendicular and Parallel Lines

Term 3

Perpendicular linesTwo lines that meet at a right angle are perpendicular.
Parallel linesParallel lines stay the same distance apart. They never meet.
Lines in a rectangleAB is parallel to DC. AB is perpendicular to BC.
Drawing themHold a ruler still. Slide a set square along it for a parallel line. Use its square corner for a perpendicular line.

Length, Mass and Volume

Term 3

Object Left (cm) Right (cm)
1 m 35 cm 0 135
Length1 m = 100 cm. Read the metres, then the centimetres. $1\,\text{m} =$ $100\,\text{cm}$ $100\,\text{cm} + 35\,\text{cm} =$ $135\,\text{cm}$
Figure Reading
bag on a kitchen scale read the mass off the scale
Mass1 kg = 1000 g. Read the kilograms, then count the small marks: each is 100 g. $2\,\text{kg} =$ $2000\,\text{g}$ $2000\,\text{g} + 400\,\text{g} =$ $2400\,\text{g}$
Reading mℓ
Level 1250
Volume of liquid1 ℓ = 1000 mℓ. Read the scale where the water is level. $1\,\ell =$ $1000\,\text{m}\ell$ $1000\,\text{m}\ell + 250\,\text{m}\ell =$ $1250\,\text{m}\ell$
In two units In one unit
2 km 480 m 2480 m
5 m 8 cm 508 cm
2 kg 75 g 2075 g
1 ℓ 50 mℓ 1050 mℓ
Changing unitsTo one unit: change the bigger unit, then add. To two units: take out the thousands. $5\,\text{m}\ 8\,\text{cm} =$ $500\,\text{cm} + 8\,\text{cm} =$ $508\,\text{cm}$ $2075\,\text{g} =$ $2000\,\text{g} + 75\,\text{g} =$ $2\,\text{kg}\ 75\,\text{g}$

Object	Left (cm)	Right (cm)
1 m 35 cm	0	135

Figure	Reading
bag on a kitchen scale	read the mass off the scale

Reading	mℓ
Level	1250

In two units	In one unit
2 km 480 m	2480 m
5 m 8 cm	508 cm
2 kg 75 g	2075 g
1 ℓ 50 mℓ	1050 mℓ

Area and Perimeter

Term 4

PerimeterPerimeter is the distance all the way around. Add all the sides. $5 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 5 =$ $20\,\text{cm}$
Perimeter of a rectangle $\text{2 lengths} + \text{2 breadths}$ Example $7 + 4 + 7 + 4 =$ $22\,\text{cm}$
Perimeter of a square $4 \times \text{side}$ Example $4 \times 6 =$ $24\,\text{cm}$
AreaArea is the space inside. Count the squares: each small square is 1 cm².
Area of a rectangle $\text{length} \times \text{breadth}$ Example $7 \times 4 =$ $28\,\text{cm}^{2}$
Area of a square $\text{side} \times \text{side}$ Example $6 \times 6 =$ $36\,\text{cm}^{2}$

Time

Term 4

Seconds60 seconds make 1 minute. $1\,\text{min}\ 15\,\text{s} =$ $60\,\text{s} + 15\,\text{s} =$ $75\,\text{s}$
12-hour 24-hour
9.05 a.m. 09 05
12 noon 12 00
3.15 p.m. 15 15
midnight 00 00
24-hour clockAfter 12 noon, add 12 to the hour. Midnight is 00 00. $3.15\text{ p.m.} =$ $15\ 15$
Span Gap
9.45 a.m. → 10 a.m. 15 min
10 a.m. → 11 a.m. 1 h
11 a.m. → 11.15 a.m. 15 min
How long it takesCount on to the next hour, then the whole hours, then the minutes left.9.45 a.m. to 11.15 a.m. → $15\,\text{min} + 1\,\text{h} + 15\,\text{min} =$ $1\,\text{h}\ 30\,\text{min}$
Clock Time
start read from the hands
Clock Time
end read from the hands
Start time and end timeEnd time = start time + how long. Start time = end time − how long. $2.40\text{ p.m.} + 50\,\text{min} =$ $3.30\text{ p.m.}$ $3.30\text{ p.m.} - 50\,\text{min} =$ $2.40\text{ p.m.}$

12-hour	24-hour
9.05 a.m.	09 05
12 noon	12 00
3.15 p.m.	15 15
midnight	00 00

Span	Gap
9.45 a.m. → 10 a.m.	15 min
10 a.m. → 11 a.m.	1 h
11 a.m. → 11.15 a.m.	15 min

Clock	Time
start	read from the hands

Clock	Time
end	read from the hands

Bar Graphs

Term 2

Category Number of books
Mon 20
Tue 10
Wed 15
Read a bar graphRead where each bar ends on the scale. "How many more" means subtract.how many more on Monday than Tuesday → $20 - 10 =$ $10$
Category Number of cups
Mon 30
Tue 25
Wed 40
Read the scale firstFind what one step on the scale is worth. Tuesday's bar ends halfway between 20 and 30.half of a step of 10 → $10 \div 2 =$ $5$ Tuesday → $20 + 5 =$ $25$

Category	Number of books
Mon	20
Tue	10
Wed	15

Category	Number of cups
Mon	30
Tue	25
Wed	40

P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 7: formulas for numbers to 100 000; and factors and multiples

The P4 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P4 sheet holds 48 more formulas and rules, across its 12 topics, on 7 A4 pages.

P4 Maths Cheat Sheet

$P5 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 6: formulas for whole numbers and four operations; and fractions and division$

The P5 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P5 sheet holds 48 more formulas and rules, across its 12 topics, on 6 A4 pages.

P5 Maths Cheat Sheet

$P6 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 4: formulas for fractions, ratio and percentage$

The P6 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P6 sheet holds 36 more formulas and rules, across its 8 topics, on 4 A4 pages.

P6 Maths Cheat Sheet

The sheet

All 8 pages, full size

The PDF prints sharp on A4. Each page is also an image you can save or send.

P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 8: formulas for numbers to 10 000
P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 2 of 8: formulas for money; and multiplication and division
$P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 3 of 8: formulas for fractions$
P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 3 of 8: formulas for fractions
P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 4 of 8: formulas for angles; and perpendicular and parallel lines
P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 5 of 8: formulas for length, mass and volume
P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 6 of 8: formulas for area and perimeter
P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 7 of 8: formulas for time and bar graphs
P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 8 of 8: problem-sum methods, exam rules and units

Download the free PDF8 A4 pages · PDF, 1388 KB

Knowing the formula is half of it

The other half is spotting which one a question needs. StudyLah gives your child P3 questions on these topics, and Lah walks through each one step by step. Free: one Daily Practice and one Topic Drill every day, and one exam paper a month.

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Questions

Questions parents ask

What maths formulas does a P3 child need to know?

The 45 formulas and rules on this sheet, across numbers to 10 000; money; multiplication and division; bar graphs; angles; perpendicular and parallel lines; fractions; length, mass and volume; area and perimeter; and time. It also shows how to spot 5 problem-sum methods.

P4 Maths Cheat Sheet

What topics are in P3 maths?

10 topics, in the order schools teach them: numbers to 10 000; money; multiplication and division; bar graphs; angles; perpendicular and parallel lines; fractions; length, mass and volume; area and perimeter; and time.

Primary 3 maths syllabus

Is area tested in P3?

Yes. Primary 3 pupils find the area of a rectangle and a square: length × breadth, and side × side. They measure it in square units, cm² and m².

Which times tables are learnt in P3?

The 6, 7, 8 and 9 times tables. The 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 tables come in P2.

Do P3 pupils measure angles in degrees?

No. In P3, an angle is compared with a right angle: smaller, the same, or greater. Measuring angles in degrees starts in P4.

Keep going

Sources: Ministry of Education, Singapore, Primary Mathematics Syllabus (Standard), updated October 2025.

Updated 23 October 2026

Practise every topic on the P3 sheet

Free for every P3 child. Lah walks through each question.

Try it free

	× 6	× 7	× 8	× 9
1	6	7	8	9
2	12	14	16	18
3	18	21	24	27
4	24	28	32	36
5	30	35	40	45
6	36	42	48	54
7	42	49	56	63
8	48	56	64	72
9	54	63	72	81
10	60	70	80	90

	× 6	× 7	× 8	× 9
1	6	7	8	9
2	12	14	16	18
3	18	21	24	27
4	24	28	32	36
5	30	35	40	45
6	36	42	48	54
7	42	49	56	63
8	48	56	64	72
9	54	63	72	81
10	60	70	80	90

	× 6	× 7	× 8	× 9
1	6	7	8	9
2	12	14	16	18
3	18	21	24	27
4	24	28	32	36
5	30	35	40	45
6	36	42	48	54
7	42	49	56	63
8	48	56	64	72
9	54	63	72	81
10	60	70	80	90