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P1 Maths Cheat Sheet

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The short version

Every formula and rule a P1 child needs: 41 of them across 13 topics, on 8 A4 pages to print free. The PSLE tests the whole primary syllabus, so these formulas are in it too.

Every P1 maths formula, by topic

Numbers to 10

Term 1Numbers to 10 guide

Rule	Example
Count and writeCount each apple once. The last number you say tells how many: 6, six.	See it drawn
A ten-frame5 on top, then 2 more: 7. Three more boxes make 10.	$5 + 2 =$ $7$ See it drawn
More and fewerMatch them one to one. The row with some left over has more. 6 is greater than 4.	See it drawn

Addition and Subtraction within 10

Term 1Addition and Subtraction within 10 guide

Rule	Example
Number bondTwo parts make a whole. 4 and 3 make 7.	$4 + 3 =$ $7$ See it drawn
One bond, four factsTwo adding facts, two taking away facts. Read = as "is the same as".	See it drawn
Count on, count backAdd: start at the greater number and count on. Take away: count back.	$5 + 3 =$ $8$ $8 - 3 =$ $5$ See it drawn

Ordinal Numbers and Position

Term 1Ordinal Numbers and Position guide

Rule	Example
1st to 10thCount from the left. 1st, 2nd and 3rd are special; the rest end in th.	See it drawn
From the rightWhen the question says from the right, start counting there.	See it drawn

Numbers to 20

Term 2Numbers to 20 guide

Rule	Example
1 ten and some onesFill a ten first, then count the ones left over.	$10 + 4 =$ $14$ See it drawn
Teen numbers in wordsThirteen to nineteen say the ones first. Write the 1 ten first.	See it drawn
Compare the onesBoth have 1 ten, so compare the ones: 16 is greater than 12.	See it drawn

Addition and Subtraction within 20

Term 2Addition and Subtraction within 20 guide

Rule	Example
Make tenSplit the 4 into 1 and 3. 9 and 1 make 10, and 3 more make 13.	$9 + 4 =$ $10 + 3 =$ $13$ See it drawn
Subtract from tenSplit 14 into 10 and 4. Take 6 from the 10, then add back the 4.	$14 - 6 =$ $10 - 6 + 4 =$ $8$ See it drawn
Add three numbersFind two that make 10 first. 3 and 7 make 10, then 5 more.	$3 + 5 + 7 =$ $10 + 5 =$ $15$ See it drawn
Doubles help6 and 6 make 12. 6 + 7 is one more.	$6 + 7 =$ $6 + 6 + 1 =$ $13$ See it drawn

Numbers to 100

Term 2Numbers to 100 guide

Rule	Example
Tens and onesCount the tens, then the ones. 47 is 4 tens and 7 ones.	$40 + 7 =$ $47$ See it drawn
Numbers in wordsSay the tens, then the ones, joined by a hyphen. Forty has no u.	See it drawn
Compare the tens first5 tens is more than 4 tens, so 52 is greater than 48. The ones only count when the tens are the same.	See it drawn
Number patternsFind the step, then keep adding it. Here it goes up by 2.	next → $20 + 2 =$ $22$ See it drawn

Addition and Subtraction within 100

Term 3Addition and Subtraction within 100 guide

Rule	Example
Add in columnsAdd the ones first. 10 ones make 1 ten: regroup it into the tens.	$47 + 36 =$ $83$ See it drawn
Subtract in columnsSubtract the ones first. Not enough ones? Regroup 1 ten into 10 ones.	$63 - 28 =$ $35$ See it drawn
Add in your headAdding tens? Count on in tens. Adding ones? Count on in ones.	$54 + 20 =$ $74$ $54 + 3 =$ $57$ See it drawn

Multiplication and Division

Term 3Multiplication and Division guide

Rule	Example
Equal groups3 groups of 5 is 5 + 5 + 5. Write it 3 × 5.	$3 \times 5 =$ $5 + 5 + 5 =$ $15$ See it drawn
Share or put into groupsShare 12 equally into 2 boxes: 6 in each. Put 12 into groups of 6: 2 groups.	See it drawn

Money

Term 4Money guide

Rule	Example
Count coinsStart with the coin worth the most. Count on: 50, 70, 90, 95.	$50 + 20 + 20 + 5 =$ $95\,\text{cents}$ See it drawn
Count notesStart with the note worth the most. Count on: 10, 15, 17, 19.	$\text{\textdollar}10 + \text{\textdollar}5 + \text{\textdollar}2 + \text{\textdollar}2 =$ $\text{\textdollar}19$ See it drawn

Shapes

Term 1Shapes guide

Rule	Example
Rectangle4 sides, 4 corners. Facing sides are the same length.	See it drawn
Square4 sides, 4 corners. All 4 sides are the same length.	See it drawn
Triangle3 sides and 3 corners.	See it drawn
Circle1 curved side and no corners.	See it drawn
Half circle1 straight side and 1 curved side.	See it drawn
Quarter circle2 straight sides and 1 curved side.	See it drawn
Made up of shapesThis pencil is a rectangle and a triangle.	See it drawn
Copy a figure on a gridCount the squares to each corner, then join them.	See it drawn

Length

Term 3Length guide

Rule	Example
Measure from 0Measure or draw from the 0 mark, not the edge of the ruler. This pencil ends at 5: 5 cm.	See it drawn
Not at 0?Take away the start from the end.	the key → $6\,\text{cm} - 2\,\text{cm} =$ $4\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn
Longer and shorterStart both at 0. The comb is longer.	how much longer → $7\,\text{cm} - 4\,\text{cm} =$ $3\,\text{cm}$ See it drawn

Time

Term 4Time guide

Rule	Example
a.m. and p.m.a.m. is from midnight to noon. p.m. is after 12 noon.	See it drawn
Half an hour, one hourHalf an hour: the minute hand goes halfway round. 1 h: all the way round.	$9.00\text{ a.m.} + 30\,\text{min} =$ $9.30\text{ a.m.}$ See it drawn
Tell the timeHour hand first. Then count the minute hand in fives: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25.	See it drawn

Picture Graphs

Term 2Picture Graphs guide

Rule	Example
Read a picture graphEach picture stands for 1. Count each column, then answer.	how many more on Monday than Tuesday → $6 - 4 =$ $2$ altogether → $6 + 4 + 3 =$ $13$ See it drawn

P1 maths revision notes, topic by topic

Numbers to 10

Term 1

Group Detail
6
Count and writeCount each apple once. The last number you say tells how many: 6, six.
Group Detail
7
A ten-frame5 on top, then 2 more: 7. Three more boxes make 10. $5 + 2 =$ $7$
Group Detail
6 6×counter
4 4×counter
More and fewerMatch them one to one. The row with some left over has more. 6 is greater than 4.

Group	Detail
	6

Group	Detail
	7

Group	Detail
6	6×counter
4	4×counter

Addition and Subtraction within 10

Term 1

Circle Number
Circle 1 7
Circle 2 4
Circle 3 3
Number bondTwo parts make a whole. 4 and 3 make 7. $4 + 3 =$ $7$
Add Subtract
4 + 3 = 7 7 − 3 = 4
3 + 4 = 7 7 − 4 = 3
One bond, four factsTwo adding facts, two taking away facts. Read = as "is the same as".
Point Value
Point 1 5
Point 2 8
Count on, count backAdd: start at the greater number and count on. Take away: count back. $5 + 3 =$ $8$ $8 - 3 =$ $5$

Circle	Number
Circle 1	7
Circle 2	4
Circle 3	3

Add	Subtract
4 + 3 = 7	7 − 3 = 4
3 + 4 = 7	7 − 4 = 3

Point	Value
Point 1	5
Point 2	8

Ordinal Numbers and Position

Term 1

Group Detail
1×star (1st), 1×star (2nd), 1×star (3rd), 1×star (4th), 1×star (5th)
1×star (6th), 1×star (7th), 1×star (8th), 1×star (9th), 1×star (10th)
1st to 10thCount from the left. 1st, 2nd and 3rd are special; the rest end in th.
Group Detail
1×balloon (5th), 1×balloon (4th), 1×balloon (3rd), 1×balloon (2nd), 1×balloon (1st)
From the rightWhen the question says from the right, start counting there.

Group	Detail
	1×star (1st), 1×star (2nd), 1×star (3rd), 1×star (4th), 1×star (5th)
	1×star (6th), 1×star (7th), 1×star (8th), 1×star (9th), 1×star (10th)

Group	Detail
	1×balloon (5th), 1×balloon (4th), 1×balloon (3rd), 1×balloon (2nd), 1×balloon (1st)

Numbers to 20

Term 2

Place How many
Tens 1
Ones 4
1 ten and some onesFill a ten first, then count the ones left over. $10 + 4 =$ $14$
Numeral In words
11 eleven
12 twelve
14 fourteen
19 nineteen
Teen numbers in wordsThirteen to nineteen say the ones first. Write the 1 ten first.
Tens Ones
1 6
1 2
Compare the onesBoth have 1 ten, so compare the ones: 16 is greater than 12.

Place	How many
Tens	1
Ones	4

Numeral	In words
11	eleven
12	twelve
14	fourteen
19	nineteen

Tens	Ones
1	6
1	2

Addition and Subtraction within 20

Term 2

Working Written
Number sentence 9 + 4
4 splits into 1 and 3
Make tenSplit the 4 into 1 and 3. 9 and 1 make 10, and 3 more make 13. $9 + 4 =$ $10 + 3 =$ $13$
Working Written
Number sentence 14 − 6
14 splits into 10 and 4
Subtract from tenSplit 14 into 10 and 4. Take 6 from the 10, then add back the 4. $14 - 6 =$ $10 - 6 + 4 =$ $8$
Group Detail
3×counter, 7×counter
5
Add three numbersFind two that make 10 first. 3 and 7 make 10, then 5 more. $3 + 5 + 7 =$ $10 + 5 =$ $15$
Group Detail
6 6×counter
7 6×counter, 1×counter
Doubles help6 and 6 make 12. 6 + 7 is one more. $6 + 7 =$ $6 + 6 + 1 =$ $13$

Working	Written
Number sentence	9 + 4
4 splits into	1 and 3

Working	Written
Number sentence	14 − 6
14 splits into	10 and 4

Group	Detail
	3×counter, 7×counter
	5

Group	Detail
6	6×counter
7	6×counter, 1×counter

Numbers to 100

Term 2

Place How many
Tens 4
Ones 7
Tens and onesCount the tens, then the ones. 47 is 4 tens and 7 ones. $40 + 7 =$ $47$
Numeral In words
47 forty-seven
68 sixty-eight
90 ninety
Numbers in wordsSay the tens, then the ones, joined by a hyphen. Forty has no u.
Tens Ones
5 2
4 8
Compare the tens first5 tens is more than 4 tens, so 52 is greater than 48. The ones only count when the tens are the same.
Point Value
16 16
18 18
20 20
? 22
Number patternsFind the step, then keep adding it. Here it goes up by 2.next → $20 + 2 =$ $22$

Place	How many
Tens	4
Ones	7

Numeral	In words
47	forty-seven
68	sixty-eight
90	ninety

Tens	Ones
5	2
4	8

Point	Value
16	16
18	18
20	20
?	22

Addition and Subtraction within 100

Term 3

Add in columnsAdd the ones first. 10 ones make 1 ten: regroup it into the tens. $47 + 36 =$ $83$
Subtract in columnsSubtract the ones first. Not enough ones? Regroup 1 ten into 10 ones. $63 - 28 =$ $35$
Point Value
54 54
74 74
Add in your headAdding tens? Count on in tens. Adding ones? Count on in ones. $54 + 20 =$ $74$ $54 + 3 =$ $57$

Point	Value
54	54
74	74

Multiplication and Division

Term 3

Group Detail
5 5×apple
5 5×apple
5 5×apple
Equal groups3 groups of 5 is 5 + 5 + 5. Write it 3 × 5. $3 \times 5 =$ $5 + 5 + 5 =$ $15$
Group Detail
6
6
Share or put into groupsShare 12 equally into 2 boxes: 6 in each. Put 12 into groups of 6: 2 groups.

Group	Detail
5	5×apple
5	5×apple
5	5×apple

Group	Detail
	6
	6

Money

Term 4

Group Detail
1×50c, 2×20c, 1×5c
Count coinsStart with the coin worth the most. Count on: 50, 70, 90, 95. $50 + 20 + 20 + 5 =$ $95\,\text{cents}$
Group Detail
1×$10, 1×$5, 2×$2
Count notesStart with the note worth the most. Count on: 10, 15, 17, 19. $\text{\textdollar}10 + \text{\textdollar}5 + \text{\textdollar}2 + \text{\textdollar}2 =$ $\text{\textdollar}19$

Group	Detail
	1×50c, 2×20c, 1×5c

Group	Detail
	1×$10, 1×$5, 2×$2

Shapes

Term 1

Rectangle4 sides, 4 corners. Facing sides are the same length.
Square4 sides, 4 corners. All 4 sides are the same length.
Triangle3 sides and 3 corners.
Circle1 curved side and no corners.
Half circle1 straight side and 1 curved side.
Quarter circle2 straight sides and 1 curved side.
Made up of shapesThis pencil is a rectangle and a triangle.
Copy a figure on a gridCount the squares to each corner, then join them.

Length

Term 3

Object Left (cm) Right (cm)
Object 1 0 5
Measure from 0Measure or draw from the 0 mark, not the edge of the ruler. This pencil ends at 5: 5 cm.
Object Left (cm) Right (cm)
Object 1 2 6
Not at 0?Take away the start from the end.the key → $6\,\text{cm} - 2\,\text{cm} =$ $4\,\text{cm}$
Object Left (cm) Right (cm)
comb 0 7
pencil 0 4
Longer and shorterStart both at 0. The comb is longer.how much longer → $7\,\text{cm} - 4\,\text{cm} =$ $3\,\text{cm}$

Object	Left (cm)	Right (cm)
Object 1	0	5

Object	Left (cm)	Right (cm)
Object 1	2	6

Object	Left (cm)	Right (cm)
comb	0	7
pencil	0	4

Time

Term 4

Clock Time
8.00 a.m. read from the hands
8.00 p.m. read from the hands
a.m. and p.m.a.m. is from midnight to noon. p.m. is after 12 noon.
Clock Time
9.00 read from the hands
9.30 read from the hands
Half an hour, one hourHalf an hour: the minute hand goes halfway round. 1 h: all the way round. $9.00\text{ a.m.} + 30\,\text{min} =$ $9.30\text{ a.m.}$
Clock Time
2.25 read from the hands
Tell the timeHour hand first. Then count the minute hand in fives: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25.

Clock	Time
8.00 a.m.	read from the hands
8.00 p.m.	read from the hands

Clock	Time
9.00	read from the hands
9.30	read from the hands

Clock	Time
2.25	read from the hands

Picture Graphs

Term 2

Row apple
Monday 6
Tuesday 4
Wednesday 3
Read a picture graphEach picture stands for 1. Count each column, then answer.how many more on Monday than Tuesday → $6 - 4 =$ $2$ altogether → $6 + 4 + 3 =$ $13$

Row	apple
Monday	6
Tuesday	4
Wednesday	3

P2 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 7: formulas for numbers to 1000

The P2 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P2 sheet holds 35 more formulas and rules, across its 12 topics, on 7 A4 pages.

P2 Maths Cheat Sheet

P3 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 8: formulas for numbers to 10 000

The P3 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P3 sheet holds 45 more formulas and rules, across its 10 topics, on 8 A4 pages.

P3 Maths Cheat Sheet

P4 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 7: formulas for numbers to 100 000; and factors and multiples

The P4 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P4 sheet holds 48 more formulas and rules, across its 12 topics, on 7 A4 pages.

P4 Maths Cheat Sheet

$P5 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 6: formulas for whole numbers and four operations; and fractions and division$

The P5 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P5 sheet holds 48 more formulas and rules, across its 12 topics, on 6 A4 pages.

P5 Maths Cheat Sheet

$P6 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 4: formulas for fractions, ratio and percentage$

The P6 Maths Cheat Sheet

The P6 sheet holds 36 more formulas and rules, across its 8 topics, on 4 A4 pages.

P6 Maths Cheat Sheet

The sheet

All 8 pages, full size

The PDF prints sharp on A4. Each page is also an image you can save or send.

P1 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 1 of 8: formulas for numbers to 10; and addition and subtraction within 10
P1 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 2 of 8: formulas for ordinal numbers and position; and numbers to 20
P1 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 3 of 8: formulas for addition and subtraction within 20
P1 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 4 of 8: formulas for numbers to 100; and addition and subtraction within 100
P1 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 5 of 8: formulas for multiplication and division; and money
P1 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 6 of 8: formulas for shapes and length
P1 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 7 of 8: formulas for time
P1 Maths Cheat Sheet, page 8 of 8: formulas for picture graphs, problem-sum methods, exam rules and units

Download the free PDF8 A4 pages · PDF, 1464 KB

Knowing the formula is half of it

The other half is spotting which one a question needs. StudyLah gives your child P1 questions on these topics, and Lah walks through each one step by step. Free: one Daily Practice and one Topic Drill every day, and one exam paper a month.

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Questions

Questions parents ask

What maths formulas does a P1 child need to know?

The 41 formulas and rules on this sheet, across numbers to 10; addition and subtraction within 10; shapes; ordinal numbers and position; numbers to 20; addition and subtraction within 20; picture graphs; numbers to 100; addition and subtraction within 100; length; multiplication and division; time; and money. It also shows how to spot 2 problem-sum methods.

P2 Maths Cheat Sheet

What topics are in P1 maths?

13 topics, in the order schools teach them: numbers to 10; addition and subtraction within 10; shapes; ordinal numbers and position; numbers to 20; addition and subtraction within 20; picture graphs; numbers to 100; addition and subtraction within 100; length; multiplication and division; time; and money.

Primary 1 maths syllabus

Keep going

Sources: Ministry of Education, Singapore, Primary Mathematics Syllabus (Standard), updated October 2025.

Updated 23 October 2026

Practise every topic on the P1 sheet

Free for every P1 child. Lah walks through each question.

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